Beer Advertisements in Cold War Era free essay sample

The 1950’s are considered a decade of simplicity for most Americans. While the country was experiencing economic and social growth most American felt at home with them selves. Family stability was monumental, and the formation of the suburbs created an urban working class associated with a rural family atmosphere. Americans were leaving work to arrive home and be free and independent within their own ideas of security. During this period the American family was much more than just security, it was seen as the beacon of democracy, and the social glue of America. Another idea that matched family was consumerism, and Americans where buying. Everything from cars to house decor that represented status in commercialized America. In what came to be known as the Kitchen Debates Vice-President Richard Nixon said about the American home exhibit: â€Å"You will see a house, a car, a television set-each the newest and most modern of its type we produce. We will write a custom essay sample on Beer Advertisements in Cold War Era or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But can only the rich in the United States afford such things? If this were the case we would have to include in our definition of rich the millions of America’s Wage earners. (pg 163) Americans during 1950’s were living typical industrious lives that centered a round work, family and consumerism. The middle class was growing, and men and women were marrying not only for love but for security. Coupled with patriotism and security the role of the American home took on more than that of a house, but was the center of American strength and democracy. A symbol of status, the home was the center of all things considered to be American; consumer goods, values, and most importantly security. Beer, an American tradition as old as the country itself, had just been reintroduced to the American market not even twenty years early after the failure of prohibition, and its advertisements reflect the social view of the Patriotism. In a 1950’s run of advertisements by the United States Brewers foundation, that all use the catch phrase â€Å"Beer belongs†¦enjoy it† which is not meant to sale a specific beer, just beer itself. The advertisers show a ship entering New York harbor with the Statue of Liberty shining brightly in the background. insert ad) Yet Prohibition came about because of the negative social perception of the saloon. During earlier American periods drinking was viewed as a male dominated activity that excluded anything resembling decency. Women in the early part of the twentieth century viewed male drinking as a plague to the American household. In fact, male drinking stigmas gave rise to many women’s movements and created a culture where women often had to face the drudgery of maintaining a home and supporting the family economically. Women’s â€Å"speak easies† and underground clubs changed the previous gender role of women as entirely innocent and pure. So when the cold-war family began to immerge, and political as well as social factors changed the dynamic of the household to a place of security, status and expression and brewing companies tried to infiltrate the home with their product. In her book Homeward Bound , Elaine Tyler May says about the American home â€Å" The family seemed to be the one place where people could control their destinies.. † in a time where men and women felt the fear of nuclear fall-out and economic ruin. Since the great depression was not even twenty years behind them, and the destruction of Hiroshima and Nagaski were still fresh, Americans feared much more than â€Å"fear itself. † While women had taken over many male dominated roles during WWII, and felt to some degree emancipated, that was short lived and women had to return to their former roles. In the 1950’s women were seen as an extension to the man of the house, not only in the public eye but to themselves as well. In many cases society at large lost respect for a man who was unemployed or earned less than his better half. In a KLS research poll it showed that while â€Å"75 pecent† believed in joint decision making, and â€Å"80 pecent† believed in a house-husband, â€Å"60 percent said they would lose respect for a husband who earned less than his wife† and â€Å"90 percent believed a wife should give up employment if her husband wanted her to do so. †(pg 56) A magazine advertisement run by the United States Brewers foundation began to appear with the slogan â€Å" Beer belongs†¦enjoy it. † With the catchy slogan usually came pictures of families, couples, or neighbors enjoying a refreshing brew during a social activity. Often times singing or enjoying family, with the beers appropriately placed to look elegant and natural. As in this advertisement from 1951: This advertisement represents much of America during the 1950’s. The women still hold traditional roles and were seen as an extension to the man. The woman is bringing beer to the group while her husband entertains their guest. In a 1959 Magazine advertisement for an unknown beer, a man lazily sits back in a hammock and pours a refreshing beer while the caption reads â€Å"Aren’t you glad†¦.. she remembered the beer. Which shows how women were seen as the housewife and men were seen as the head of the house. During this period many beer advertisements usually centered a round the role of the man, and while women had gained political independence before 1920, women were still held to a double standard during the time period. In fact, women with college educations during this period were not viewed as â€Å"new age† or e ven educated for their own purposes. (include quote on women’s education) Women were still being viewed as second rate citizens to men, and everything reflected societies view of women. In a KLS study held taken during the 1950’s to see how couples decided attraction between each other, one man wrote 5 â€Å" I like particularly her size and form and think she is an attractive and sweet girl†¦Ã¢â‚¬  not saying anything about her education, decision making or overall maturity, and still referred to her as a â€Å"girl†. He continues to say†¦.. She attracts me physically† showing the overall male chauvinist opinion during this time period. In a time when women were entering the work place, becoming politically, economically and socially dependent, beer companies still played on the role of man to sale their product. There were advertisements that appealed to the feminine side of drinking socially. I mean, women were becoming more independent during this period even if society limited their role to the household. In a Rheingold magazine advertisement during the 1950’s trying to appeal to women, the advertisement still portrays women in a feminine and unequal light. The advertisement shows a couple leaving a social function with other couples, the man is putting the women’s coat with his eyes intently fixed on the woman, while she smiles back at the reader. A large sign in the corner reads â€Å"My beer is Rheingold, the dry beer! leading readers to believe that Rheingold is the woman’s preferred beer of choice, and lends fact to the idea that drinking socially can help men to meet women, or women to meet men. Advertisements like this were not playing only on male ideas of meeting women socially, but were also playing on the role of single women. During the 1950’s marr iage rates where at there height, 66% of the population married

Peer Review Example

Peer Review Example Peer Review – Research Paper Example 1**** (Edelyns) post**** Due Diligence Business Analysis Reports: Does the marketing mix demonstrate a clear understanding of the 5 P’s as well as a market mix analysis? Yes Does the SWOT analysis demonstrate a clear understanding of each element as well as a synthesis of the SWOT analysis? Yes Does the PEST analysis demonstrate a clear understanding of each element as well as a synthesis of the PEST analysis? Yes Were any recommendations made to provide a clear, cogent articulation of a marketing plan? Yes Is there a marketing contingency plan? Yes Is there documentation that the marketing plan synthesizes and integrates the marketing analysis? Yes What provisions were made concerning an analytical focus and orientation of the project? The provisions made concerning an analytical focus and orientation of the project were numerous and satisfying such as market strategy and opportunities. The work is well done especially logical flow and good analysis of the company as relate to the business knowledge. You have shown a good knowledge of the company you are analyzing and there is almost no mistake in your grammar and sentences. However, ComTech should embark on user friendly devices with a high adaptation of technology by largely investing in RAD. The company should emphasize on retail sales especially in their local market and competitively improve their foreign market by opening several retail shops. You may use Moore, G. (2002). Crossing the chasm (Rev. ed.). New York: HarperCollins Publishers as a reference material. #2 *****Student’s Paper Leah**** Does the marketing mix demonstrate a clear understanding of the 5 P’s as well as a market mix analysis as it applies to a new business entering a domestic or foreign market? Yes Does the SWOT analysis demonstrate a clear understanding of each element as well as a synthesis of the SWOT analysis as it may apply to a new business entering a domestic or foreign market? Yes Does the PEST analysis demonstrate a clear understanding of each element as well as a synthesis of the PEST analysis as it applies to a new business entering a domestic or foreign market? Yes Were any recommendations made to provide a clear, cogent articulation of a marketing plan for a new venture plan? Yes Is there a marketing contingency plan for this new venture? Yes Is there documentation that the marketing plan synthesizes and integrates the marketing analysis? Yes What provisions were made concerning an analytical focus and orientation of the project? Yes, there were many provisions made which contained analytical long term and short term objectives such as opportunities and pricing. Your work is well arranged with thoroughness and consistency. You have logically organized your work especially the sentences and paragraph in a nice flow. The use of word and choice as well as grammar and style usage is plausible. Moreover, your depth of thinking is wonderful since it comprises of a good mix of basics and concepts of business as well as deeper understanding of the company under study. However, in the marketing mix, place strategy should be thoroughly exhausted and pricing should be competition based to increase customer base and promote larger market share. Price should be retail based. Apart from those few issues, the content and flow is above the normal standard. You may use Moore, G. (2002). Crossing the chasm (Rev. ed.). New York: HarperCollins Publishers as a reference material.

The Texan Who Conquered Russia Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Texan Who Conquered Russia - Article Example Van Cliburn's However, his talent was clear and could not be denied even by jaded officials.   His performance of Tchaikovsky's 1st Piano Concerto and Rachmaninoff's 3rd earned him an eight-minute standing ovation, not only because of the technicality and emotion that Van Cliburn offered the pieces but the audience appreciated his deference in choosing Russian composers' works. ,   When consulting Khrushchev on the unlikely decision they, the judges, were about to make, he asked plainly, "Is he the best?" After hearing that he was Khrushchev responded, "Then give him the prize."   This single sentence probably did more for a music career than any other in history. His victory reached the shores of the US almost immediately and was seen as no less than a victory in the Cold War.   Though Van Cliburn claimed that he was unaware at the moment he received the award what the cultural and political ramifications were going to be, it soon became clear as his guileless charm and obvi ous skill were respected and appreciated by the Muscovite crowds. Moreover, his first prize made him a national hero at home.   His heroic status is evident and unique as he was and still is the only classical musician ever to be honored with a ticker-tape parade in New York City's Time Square.  However, his talent was clear and could not be denied even by jaded officials.   His performance of Tchaikovsky's 1st Piano Concerto and Rachmaninoff's 3rd earned him an eight-minute standing ovation, not only because of the technicality and emotion that Van Cliburn offered the pieces but the audience appreciated his deference in choosing Russian composers' works. ,   When consulting Khrushchev on the unlikely decision they, the judges, were about to make, he asked plainly, "Is he the best?" After hearing that he was Khrushchev responded, "Then give him the prize."   This single sentence probably did more for a music career than any other in history. His victory reached the shores of the US almost immediately and was seen as no less than a victory in the Cold War.   Though Van Cliburn claimed that he was unaware at the moment he received the award what the cultural and political ramifications were going to be, it soon became clear as his guileless charm and obvious skill were respected and appreciated by the Muscovite crowds. Moreover, his first prize made him a national hero at home.   His heroic status is evident and unique as he was and still is the only classical musician ever to be honored with a ticker-tape parade in New York City's Time Square.   There are some detractors who suggest that the results of the Tchaikovsky Competition were skewed because of the intense pressure on the judges and the creative scorekeeping that was involved. Furthermore, musically some suggest that his performance was not as technically proficient as others, but had an emotional appeal that was hard to resist suggesting that his playing style was a cross between "Horow itz, Liberace, and Elvis Presley."  Ã‚  

D3 Whistleblower Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

D3 Whistleblower - Essay Example These individuals may be in danger after the whistleblowing. The tort law aims to protect individuals against harm from unreasonable actions of other people (Lipman 2011). The law therefore protects the whistleblowers from being hurt legally by those they have blown the whistle against. Intentional tort law protects the whistleblower. Whistleblowers are protected by this tort law because even though their actions intentionally hurt those involved in the organization, they do so with an intention of ending the misconduct hence the action is justified and law offers protection (McBride and Bagshaw 2008). This law protects the special agent because even though the FBI’s integrity was questioned, the action will enable other intelligence organizations to be vigilant in future hence her action was justifiable in court. The Lloyd-La Follette Act is a congressional act that was passed as a way to protect civil servant whistleblowers against abusive or even unwarranted removal of the whistleblower for revealing misconduct or furnishing information. It also guarantees the rights of employees to reveal any inefficiency information about the institutions to the congress or authorized committees. All this is in a bid to improve the integrity of such institutions and organizations and protect their employees at the same

Report performance management (base pay & benefit) Essay

Report performance management (base pay & benefit) - Essay Example Performance management is a developing subject area. Not many current and up to date books are available. Journal articles are more helpful providing to the point and current research material. The material used is basically based on material printed in last five or six years. Material related to the Performance Management mostly depicts diverse direction of thinking by different practitioner and the theories stated by them. Findings: There is a big room for improvement, which is required for the company to improve its performance management process. It is also noticed from the previous research that the activities related to performance management process in the company were not synchronized with the organisational culture of the company. Limitation of the study: - There is a vast area related to the topic addressed, which needs to be researched and analyzed. The comparative study of performance management practices in different countries could also be undertaken. Practical implications: The study is a fair effort to help the individuals and the professionals attached to the field to understand the benefits attached to the right performance management process in the development of a company. Mullins (1998) defined motivation is a complex subject and is influenced by many variables. Individuals have a variety of changing, which they attempt to satisfy in a number of different ways. Motivation at work operates in two ways. First, people can motivate themselves by seeking, finding and doing work which leads them to expect that their goals will be achieved. Second, people might be motivated by management through such methods as pay, promotion and praise. These two ways can be described into two types of motivation (Armstrong, 1999): Intrinsic motivation- It can be described as the process of motivation by the work itself in so far as it satisfies people's needs or at least leads them to expect that their goals will be achieved. It is self-generated factors which influence people to behave in a particular way or to move in a particular direction. Intrinsic motivation refers to the intrinsic attractiveness of work itself (Child, 1994; Jackson & Bak, 1998; Tung, 1991). Extrinsic motivation- This includes rewards such as increased pay, praise or promotion. It is crude, easy and often effective. Money is individual basic need. As Duall (1999) said that when individuals are able to satisfy their perceived needs, they see themselves as being successful. In this view, the desire to achieve personal success is a natural phenomenon, and people are self-motivated to achieve, grow, and develop in positive ways (Greenberg, 1986a & b). Herzberg Motivator Hygiene Theory Herzberg (1966) proposes that all individuals have two sets of needs hygiene and motivator. Hygiene factor affect job dissatisfaction, these include such things as quality of supervision, pay, company policies, physical working conditions, interpersonal relations and job security. Job satisfaction appeared to be caused by motivator factors; these include promotional opportunities, opportunities for personal growth, recognition, a sense of achievement and responsibility. Most of the employees prefer to be recognized and appreciated through increment in pay

The Cable Tv Industry Media Essay

The Cable Tv Industry Media Essay The rapid development in the area of technological innovation that has occurred over the last decades in the telecommunication industry, has led to a thriving growth in the digital entertainment media, shown by the emergence of new sophisticated products and a wide variety of services. This evolution has caused an increment in competition in the cable television industry. The development of these new technologies and the convergence of media and telecommunications have allowed consumers to access a greater number of services. Within this context, streaming sites to watch movies and TV shows over the Internet have become a direct competitor to the powerful business of cable television in the U.S. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the strategies used by major cable TV providers in the U.S. to counter, or even avoid, the emergence of new competitors. These strategies generate controversy because they might pose a risk against free market competition. Two main branches, one in charge of production and the other in charge of the distribution form the Cable TV industry in the U.S. Together they share an estimated $300 billion market value (Arango, 2009). The multichannel video programming distributors (MVPDs) such as cable television systems, direct-broadcast satellite providers, and wireline video providers give the distribution part of the equation. These companies generate revenues close to $100 billion per year, and it mostly comes from monthly cable subscriptions, additional charges from premium channels, and rental fees from set-top boxes (Shen, 2011). These companies are generally known as Multiple System Operators (MSOs) and include firms such as Time Warner and Comcast. These two providers serve almost half of the demand for cable TV in the U.S. The video programming networks that produce the content consumers watch integrate the second component of the industry. Broadcaster networks such as ABC, NBC, and CBS, that produce their content, make it available on cable TV and over-the-air, form the producers network market. There are also non-broadcasters such as MTV, Comedy Central, and TBS whose content is only available through cable subscriptions (Ammori 2010). As the distribution network, the programming network is a highly concentrated market dominated by a few powerful and prevailing programming networks. These companies mainly derive their revenue from advertising and retransmission fees. Contrasting broadcast television that relies on advertising to originate its revenue, cable networks receive revenue from fees paid by cable operators. For example, Comcast pays closely to $1 billion a year to carry ESPN (Arango, 2010). However, as the costs of pay-TV grow and consumers spending power stays the same, the traditional business model follow by cable providers appears to need a major change. Furthermore, the appearance of new online companies like Netflix and Hulu has put pressure on the cable industry to change their business model. For many years, both systems have harmonized and work together in a model, that now many predicts will eventually decline thanks to the proliferation of internet TV. In an attempt to minimize the effect of this new internet trend and keep the revenue stream and business model of subscription TV, the cable TV providers have discussed the need to prevent the spread of television programs, most of which are now available online free. Consequently, they have discussed the introduction of a new model commonly known as TV Everywhere. The objective of this initiative is to ensure the delivery of the online content as a natural extension of the existing Cable TV model. Through this system, consumers can view programming online only if they identify themselves as cable TV subscriber, that is, only the cable subscribers can view the most popular content through the internet. The agreement reflects the profound concern of the satellite TV, telecommunications companies and cable industry to allow free access to this content, as it could lead to problems similar to those faced by the music industry and the news, which nowadays have to struggle to establish su bscription-based business models. Another argument for the introduction of these barriers lies in the lack of regulation regarding access Internet content, which could push subscribers to cancel their TV service and use only the Web. The main promoters of this campaign have been the cable companies, but satellite and telecommunications companies are joining the fight. Due to fear of violating antitrust law through collusion, the cable television executives have tried to hide their actions by eliminating a paper trail. Their strategy has been to have informal discussions, leaving nothing in writing. According to reports by the New York Times, the electronic media chiefs, including [Time Warner CEO Jeffrey] Bewkes, Jeff Zucker [CEO] of NBC Universal and Philippe P. Dauman [CEO] of Viacom, among others, have been more careful to avoid being accused of collusion. Much of the discussions have been on the phone and in private, one-on-one conversations during industry events. Price is rarely, if ever, discussed, according to executives involved in the discussions (Arango, 2009). The executives have emphasized the importance of finding an industry-wide solution, and this can be achieved only if they collude, as such solution is not in a companys interest unless others agree with one another on the solution. A focal point of a free market economy is that consumers are better off if each company follows its own self-interest rather than colluding with its competitors to raise prices, allocate markets, or otherwise harm consumers and competitors (Ammori, 2010). Stephen B. Burke, the chief operating officer of Comcast, has publicly admitted that if each current operator and programmer merely followed its own self-interest, just like each should do it under the law in a competitive market), then each company would be worse off. As the New York Times reported, the problem is that if each goes in different directions some offering more shows free, others holding them back only for cable subscribers then the economics of the industry could crumble. The industry have come a predictable conflict between two discordant models for broadcast content: cable TV and the Internet. The circumstances seem difficult, and it suggests the possibility facing the prisoners dilemma. Setting it in a simple scenario, broadcasters and cable companies play the role of the prisoners. Thus, given that both cooperate to maintain unlicensed Internet-delivered TV programming off connected-TV sets, they both obtain gains (Frank, 2010). Whereas broadcast gets its large retransmission fees, cable providers get to sell diverse premium services at a substantial profit. However, the appearance of internet TV has come to propose the dilemma. In the case of broadcasters, internet TV offers the opportunity to sell programming direct to consumers, at potentially higher margins than through the cable companies. In addition, it allows a more straight control over advanced advertising and interactive capabilities that currently the cable companies are trying to cont rol. Conversely, to cable providers, internet TV gives them the opportunity to gain more advantage in retransmission negotiations by potentially offering content that is free on the Internet for free to their cable customers as well. In most cases, the result of the prisoners dilemma is the desertion of both players, since in terms of game theory the defection strictly dominates over cooperation. Although the situation of Internet TV has not yet predict this result, the benefits of desertion still clearly outweigh the benefits of cooperation. Broadcasters are not likely to get more money from online TV providers that cable companies, and cable companies are not likely to gain enough influence to offset the potential loss of subscribers in case of losing access to popular programming. However, the evolution of Internet TV can lead to broadcasters have to choose between the programming offered on the Internet knowing that people can watch on TV as well, and the loss of a large part of the growing online audience. Distributors, meanwhile, will have to choose between continuing to pay increasing rates of carriage to holdout broadcasting or take their chances with online television. To avoid this step in the dilemma, the distributors are working with broadcasters on the TV Everywhere concept, which lasted subscriber based on conditional access to video on any device. C. Anticompetitive effects of this new strategy On the markets On the consumers V. Conclusion

Elderly Health Care in Massachusetts is a Struggle :: Health Care Medicine Insurance Essays

Elderly Health Care in Massachusetts is a Struggle Despina and her husband Peter Angelopoulos are not eligible to receive any financial help from the state because they don’t qualify for free health care, and they are extremely worried about their future. The couple, in their early 70’s, both have a series of medical problems resulting in them taking heavy medication. They own a house in Somerville and they are struggling to pay for their medications. They average about eight pills a day each. Despina said that because they own a house they are forced to pay for doctor’s visits covered by their social security plan A. Plan B allows them hospital coverage. The problem is if they have to go to the emergency room, they have a high co-pay. â€Å" Medical care should not be subject to laws of economics,† said Mr. Angelopoulos. An item of necessity should not be treated in economic terms, and especially should not have a money price placed upon it.† Health care is a scarce good. From the individuals who perform acts of medical care to the medicines and various medical devices used to deal with health issues. The Angelopoulos' social security is at the minimum of $630 each and with the taxes going up in Somerville, they have a hard time maintaining their old home so they can generate rent income from it. They have to rent both apartments on the second and third floor at all times to be able to have a steady income. â€Å"What will happen to us if we become disabled and need more care?† Mrs. Angelopoulos asked. â€Å"Do we have to sell our house to be able to afford better care when we need it the most?† The present system seems to help retirees with no income other than their social security. If you own your home, that is a problem. Medicare is an essential health care program for people age 65 and older, people with certain disabilities, and people with End-State Renal Disease. . Medicaid became law in 1965 and it is jointly funded by the federal and state governments to assist states in providing medical long-term care assistance to people who meet certain eligibility criteria. Medicaid is the largest source of funding for medical and health-related services for people with limited income. Recently, President Bush and Congress worked together to pass a new law to bring people with Medicare more choices in health care coverage and better health care benefits.